Content
- Website Accessibility Overview
- Why bother with website accessibility?
- What sort of website accessibility, and for whom?
- Different groups of disabled people
- Deaf
- Hard-of-hearing
- Hearing-impaired
- Blind
- Visually-impaired
- Low-vision
- Mobility-impaired
- Learning-disabled
- etc
- Different accessibility problems
- Shared and common accessibility problems
- Web accessibility and non-web accessibility
- Website accessibility standards
- Website accessibility tools and technologies
- Browser and platform compatibility
- Assistive technologies
- Screen readers and aural interfaces
- Braille displays
- Switch-click input devices
- TDD/TTYs
- Modified keyboards, mice and similar input devices
- Magnifiers
- OCR
- Speech recognition
- Touch screens
- Head/eye control
- Word prediction and correction
- Web Accessibility and UK Law
- Legal requirements
- Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)
- Disability Rights Commission (DRC)
- DRC Powers and DDA enforcement
- DDA Code of Practice and the WAI
- RNIB
- Remedies outside the courts
- Case studies
- W3C Web Accessibility Initiative
- The WAI project
- The WAIs Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
- 3 Levels of WCAG compliance: A, AA, AAA
- Key requirements of the WCAG
- Relationship between the WCAG and UK Government guidelines
- WCAG and compliance testing
- Automated tests: Cynthia, Bobby, Web Exact, etc.
- Manual checks and checklists
- HTML Markup and Web Accessibility
- Understanding markup
- Page structure, presentation and semantics
- Choosing the right element
- HTML versus XHTML
- Strict versus Transitional versus Frameset DOCTYPEs
- Deprecated elements
- DOCTYPES and browser quirks modes
- Developer and designer tools
- Author tools and content management systems (CMS)
- CSS Styling and Web Accessibility
- Separating content from presentation
- The cascade, inheritance, specifity
- Fonts, colours and other text properties
- Table-less page layout
- Using lists for navigation
- Columns and other layout techniques
- Specifying media
- Accessibility-specific media
- Aural stylesheets
- Print stylesheets
- Using :before and :after pseudo-classes
- Accessible Images and Imaging
- The most visible web accessibility problem (pun intended)
- Simple versus complex image problems
- Well-intentioned but counter productive accessibility methods
- The infamous alt="spacer.gif"
- Providing alternative text descriptions: alt, title andlongdesc attributes
- Mixing alt and title safely
- Problems with using longdesceffectively
- Problems with D-links
- "object" versus "embed"
- The "iframe" option
- Arrows and bullets
- Ascii art
- Background images and borders
- Charts and Graphs: a really hard nut to crack
- Maps
- Outlines and hierchies
- Ratings
- Photo galleries
- SVG
- Accessible Links and Navigation
- Usability and accessibility
- Key terms: tabs, navbar, etc.
- Understanding focus and cursors
- Consistent and unambiguous navigation structures
- How and why to skip navigation
- Skipping 2-part navigation structures
- Navigation skipping and search
- Other page landmarks
- Page extremities
- Identifying link destinations (withtitle)
- Linking to page fragments with and without conventional anchors
- Using name= and id= attributes
- Visible vs invisible anchors
- Problems with link destination markup
- Separating consecutive text links
- Specifying keyboard shortcuts for links
- accesskey
- (Browser) problems with accesskey
- accesskey tips and tricks
- Using the tab key for navigation
- tabindex
- Problems with the tabindex concept
- (Browser) problems with thetabindex
- tabindex and forms, including search
- tabindex and content management systems (CMS)
- tabindex tips and tricks
- Accessible imagemap navigation
- DHTML/JavaScript navigation: just say no
- Site Maps
- Text and Colour
- The problem with text-only parallel sites
- Headers and tabbing
- Heading order and level
- Phrasal markup (em, strong, cite, etc.)
- Accessibility-related phrasal markup (abbr, acronym, etc.)
- Quotes, blockquotes and quotation marks (using the cite and lang attributes)
- Specifying language and encoding
- Type size, scalability, magnification and halation.
- Text quantity/complexity and the learning disabled
- Text colour and colour deficiencies (protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia, etc).
- Colour adjacency/overlap and colour combinations
- Estimated and system colours for links
- Text as images
- HTML Tables
- Data tables versus layout tables
- Nesting and other things to avoid in table design
- Metadata in tables
- Using headers, footers and titles for data tables.
- Table structure
- col
- colgroup
- scope=""
- id=""
- Finding relevant data in cells
- Random access to table cells
- Forms
- Problems with forms and assistive technology
- Keyboard control
- Moving to and within forms
- Form completion by selection
- Grouping form elements
- fieldset
- option and outgroup
- Associating labels with form elements
- Using title attributes
- Graphical buttons
- Pre-filled form fields
- Re-thinking form layout with serialisation in mind
- Predictive typing and error checking
- Dynamic (conditional) forms provide parallel HTML-based advance
- Contacts: phone numbers, text phones (TTYs) and relay services for the hearing impaired.
- Mail/print services and braille
- Multimedia & scripting
- Audio versus video
- (Browser) problems with the multimedia object element
- Alternative data streams and captioning in multimedia formats (quicktime, Real, Windows Media, Flash, MPEG, etc)
- Multiple alternate feeds
- Support for the Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL)
- Microsofts non-standard Synchronised Access Media Interchange (SAMI)
- Problems with multimedia player interfaces
- Captioning options (DIY Anime versus professional agency captioning)
- Captioning and transcription styles
- Captioning tools: MAGpie, caption, etc.
- Transcription versus text description
- Text description versus audio narration
- Accessible Flash
- Issues with Javascript and other browser scripting languages.
- Providing keyboard-based alternatives to mouse events
- Certification and Testing
- Choosing your level of WCAG compliance: A, AA, AAA
- Deciding, publishing and auditing policy
- Retrofitting accessibility while updating old pages
- Retrofitting priorities: popular pages, essential pages, highly inaccessible pages, etc
- Priorities for new pages: WCAG Level 1 (A)
- Small exceptions to full compliance
- Testing with Cynthia
- The problem with Bobby
- Testing with screen readers
- Testing with human subjects: disabled and non-disabled
- Emacspeak
- Coming and Future Options
- Serial versus random access
- Rich audio interfaces (not screen readers)
- Random access using metadata and standardised grammar for sections
- The database/CMS problem and open source software
- Repair tools ... A-Prompt on steroids?
- Training in subjective assessment